France, the United Kingdom, and Germany began a process this summer to end sanctions relief for Iran initially implemented in 2015 as part of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the nuclear agreement spearheaded by former President Barack Obama. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the U.N.’s nuclear watchdog agency, formally found Iran in breach of international law regulating nuclear development in June, resulting in the three JCPOA member countries to trigger “snapback” sanctions on Iran.
France, the U.K., and Germany signed the JCPOA alongside Iran, the United States, China, and Russia. The United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018; President Donald Trump cited Iran’s regular violations of agreement protocol, including limits on uranium enrichment, for the decision. China and Russia, both permanent Security Council members and close allies of Iran, were unable to stop the snapback sanction implementation on September 29. The Chinese government sternly condemned the sanctions when the European countries began the process to reinstate them in August. (Read More)
