Iraqi officials are reporting that for three consecutive years, the rainy season has begun later and ended sooner than the historic norm. This has been coupled with less water flowing through its two main rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. The region has also been plagued by ongoing conflict.
"Desertification now threatens almost 40% of the area of our country - a country that was once one of the most fertile and productive in the region," Iraq's President Abdul Latif Rashid told the climate summit in Egypt last week.
Nadhir Al-Ansari, professor at Sweden's Lulea University of Technology, told Reuters that rainfall in Iraq had declined by 30% over the past three decades, with the lowest precipitation coming in the last two years.
"What was once known as the Fertile Crescent started to die about 35 years ago," he said.
Officials accuse Turkey of cutting the river's flow upstream over the last two years to half the level it committed to in a 1987 accord, a claim the Turkish government denies.
In the year to September, rainfall in southeast Turkey where the rivers originate was 29% below the average of the previous three decades, according to Turkey's meteorological agency. Dams and drought have reduced the waters of the two rivers to about 20% of previous levels. READ MORE
