The so-called "E3" governments said Iran was moving "well beyond" limits set down in the 2015 nuclear deal, known officially as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
Iran has now "taken further significant steps in hollowing out the JCPOA", the European governments said in a joint statement quoted by AFP after Tehran announced that it has begun enriching uranium to 60 percent at a second facility.
By enriching uranium up to 60 percent at its Fordow plant, Iran was challenging global non-proliferation, they added.
"This step, which carries significant proliferation-related risks, has no credible civilian justification," the three European countries said. "We will continue to consult, alongside international partners, on how best to address Iran's continued nuclear escalation."
The United States also expressed "deep concern" over the progress Iran is making on its nuclear program.
"We're going to make sure we have all options available to the president," White House national security spokesman John Kirby told reporters in Washington on Tuesday.
